新型凹入式螺旋结构增爆器的实验研究

本实验以脉冲爆震火箭发动机(简称PDREs)系统为实验平台,以液态航空煤油作为燃料,以压缩氧气作为氧化剂,以压缩氮气作为隔离气,分别对安装三种不同截面形式(半圆形、方形、三角形)的凹入式螺旋结构增爆器以及作为基准的Shchelkin螺旋结构增爆器进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,三种不同截面的凹入式增爆器均能有效强化爆燃向爆震转变(DDT)过程,在长径比为12.17的增爆器中均获得了充分发展的爆震波,实现了成功起爆。在流阻损失方面,半圆形凹入式螺旋结构表现出了最好的性能,其推力比Shchelkin螺旋的基准推力高出12个百分点。在多次实验过程中发现,凹入式螺旋结构比Shchelkin螺旋结构更不易烧蚀,工作可靠性更高。     

基于多层次特征的高分影像海岸带地物分类

针对高分辨率影像地物光谱丰富复杂的问题，文章提出了一种结合像元-对象-空间格局特征的水域、盐田等海岸带精细地物分类方法。首先基于像元和空间格局特征分别利用遗传算法优化随机森林参数进行分类；其次将两种分类结果采用D-S证据理论融合；然后基于不同地物斑块的空间上下文信息，采用粒子群算法优化支持向量机（Support Vector Machine，SVM）参数实现面向对象的二次分类。为验证方法的有效性，收集山东省莱州湾海岸带附近区域的“高分二号”卫星影像，开展了水域及水利设施用地、盐田、工矿用地、交通运输用地、住宅用地、沿海滩涂、海域与耕地8类地物的分类实验，总体精度达到97.21%，Kappa系数为0.964 2。实验结果表明，文章提出的高分影像海岸带地物分类方法兼顾像元、对象及空间格局特征优点，能够实现多层次细致分类，并同时兼具较短的训练时长与较高的分类精度。该研究成果可为中国海岸带生态环境监测与土地利用规划提供一定技术支撑。     

Influence of lunar regolith compressibility on sampling performance of thick wall spiral drills

A 2 m class robotic drill was sent to the Moon and successfully collected and returned regolith samples in late 2020 by China. It was a typical thick wall spiral drill (TWSD) with a hollow auger containing a complex coring system to retain subsurface regolith samples. Before the robotic drill was launched, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate and predict the possible drilling loads it may encounter in the lunar environment. This work presents how the sampling performance of the TWSD is affected by the regolith compressibility. Experiments and analysis during the drilling and sampling process in a simulated lunar regolith environment were conducted. The compressibility of a typical lunar regolith simulant (LRS) was measured through uni-directional compression tests to study the relationship between its inner regolith stress and bulk density. A theoretical model was established to elucidate the cutting discharge behavior by auger flights based on the aforementioned relationship. Experiments were conducted with the LRS, and the results show that the sampling performance is greatly affected by the flux of the drilled cuttings into the spiral flight channels. This work helped in scheduling reasonable drilling parameters to promote the sampling performance of the robotic drill in the Chinese Chang'E 5 mission.     

基于等距Ease-off曲面的轮齿啮合仿真分析

提出了一种基于Ease-off曲面等距变换的轮齿啮合仿真分析方法. 利用曲面曲挠参数，给出了2阶密切曲面的定义及其拓扑方法；在2阶微分精度范围内，密切曲面与原曲面贴近，可以代替散曲面做几何解析. 利用空间坐标变换，建立了弧齿锥齿轮加工的啮合方程和通用产成模型. 基于啮合等距对应原理，求解齿面对应点的离差；利用最小二乘法，拓扑散曲面，构建Ease-off差齿面的2阶密切曲面. 基于Ease-off密切曲面参数，利用齿面接触的等距线、渐近方向，解析出齿面接触位形、接触路径、传动误差等啮合性能参数. 分析结果表明:一次性构建Ease-off的2阶密切曲面，能够获得轮齿完备的啮合信息，曲面拓扑精度可到达0.1μm；与现行的啮合仿真方法相比易于齿面反求、数值计算，啮合信息的获得也更为便捷.      

A geographical and operational deep graph convolutional approach for flight delay prediction

Flight delay prediction has attracted great interest in civil aviation community due to its significant role in airline planning, flight scheduling, airport operation, and passenger service. Flight delay is affected by numerous factors and irregularly propagates in air transportation networks owing to flight connectivity, which brings critical challenges to accurate flight delay prediction. In recent years, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have become popular in flight delay prediction due to the advantage in extracting complicated relationships. However, most of the existing GCN-based methods have failed to effectively capture the spatial–temporal information in flight delay prediction. In this paper, a Geographical and Operational Graph Convolutional Network (GOGCN) is proposed for multi-airport flight delay prediction. The GOGCN is a GCN-based spatial–temporal model that improves node feature representation ability with geographical and operational spatial–temporal interactions in a graph. Specifically, an operational aggregator is designed to extract global operational information based on the graph structure, while a geographical aggregator is developed to capture the similar nature among spatially close airports. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with a satisfying accuracy improvement.     

一种基于State模式的惯导系统软件设计方法

State模式是一种面向对象的设计方法。针对惯导系统软件设计中的问题,提出了一种基于State模式的惯导系统软件设计方法,并将其应用于惯导系统软件分支流程的设计过程中。与传统设计方法相比,该方法将逻辑判断和处理封装在状态对象中,为不同系统状态子类声明了一个公共接口,用子类实现特定状态下的行为操作,避免了多种状态转换时逻辑判断的复杂度,降低了惯导系统软件的耦合程度,增强了代码的可靠性、健壮性和可移植性,从而提高了软件质量。     

基于超螺旋滑模变结构永磁同步电机的控制

根据αβ坐标系统的永磁同步电机数学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink 仿真工具,搭建了传统直接转矩控制系统仿真模型。针对系统磁通与转矩的输出波动大的特点,基于超螺旋滑模变结构控制策略,在dq坐标系下,设计了磁链与转矩控制器,继而搭建仿真模型。在新的模型下,用转矩控制器与磁链控制器替换滞环比较器,得出了改进系统的电磁转矩与电机转速的响应曲线。通过对比传统直接转矩控制系统的曲线,结果表明改进后的系统电磁转矩曲线脉动显著减小,转速响应明显加快。     

液气式针栓喷注单元喷雾场结构试验研究

径向孔型针栓喷注器相对于径向缝型针栓喷注器具有更复杂的喷雾场。为了研究径向孔型针栓喷注器的喷雾场结构，将径向孔型针栓喷注器简化为单个气体射流与液膜碰撞的针栓喷注单元，采用了背景光成像系统结合激光相位多普勒技术（PDA），以水和空气为模拟介质，对液气式针栓喷注单元的喷雾场进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，液气式针栓喷注单元喷雾的三维结构呈现“喇叭”状。根据喷雾的形成过程及液滴的分布，液气式针栓喷注单元喷雾可以划分为4个区域：碰撞区、液滴区、液雾区及液丝区。液气式针栓喷注单元喷雾的分布范围可由内边界角、外边界角、中线角及散布角表示，均随局部动量比的增大而增大。液滴区的粒子主要由碰撞过程产生，SMD较大；液雾区的粒子经碰撞过程产生后，在气动力作用下进一步雾化，SMD小。由于液雾区的速度和粒径同时受到气动力作用的影响，粒径分布与速度分布在空间上呈现负相关趋势。     

基于N-dot的涡扇发动机加速控制器设计

针对双转子民用涡扇发动机,进行基于转子加速度的加速控制器设计研究。采用常规的PI控制器结构,针对结构中所需的转子加速度指令,给出了1种满足要求的设计方法,并将PI控制参数的求解过程转化为带约束的非线性优化问题,利用模式搜索算法求解。构建包含稳态控制器和加速控制器的涡扇发动机闭环控制回路,进行加速过程仿真测试。结果表明:所设计的加速控制器满足涡扇发动机加速过程的性能要求,对于工程设计与应用具有一定的参考价值。